In recent years, with the breakthrough and widespread application of MEMS (Micro Electro Mechanical Systems) technology, integrated industrial grade unmanned aerial vehicles have entered industrial production, manufacturing, and transportation fields such as power inspection, public security fire protection, emergency response and disaster relief, remote blasting, and hazardous material disposal. At present, industrial drones commonly use sensors such as gyroscopes using MEMS technology, mainly due to their small size, low price, and the ability to be packaged in the form of ICs
UAV Flight Control System
As the "brain" of drones, the flight control system of drones is the core technology of drones. Flight control generally includes three major parts: sensors, onboard computers, and servo actuators, which can achieve three major functions: UAV attitude stability and control, task equipment management, and emergency control. The unmanned aerial vehicle flight control system is mainly composed of key sensors such as gyroscopes and acceleration sensors, pressure sensors, ultrasonic sensors, GPS modules, and control circuits. The main function of these sensors is to automatically maintain the normal flight attitude of the aircraft. Gyroscopes and IMUs in unmanned aerial vehicle flight control are used to measure the angular rate of the body's rotation around its own axis, that is, the rotational speed of the object. At present, in the application of unmanned aerial vehicles, three single axis acceleration sensors and three single axis gyroscopes are commonly used to form an inertial measurement unit, also known as IMU, for detecting and measuring the attitude of unmanned aerial vehicles in the air. Among them, the acceleration sensor is used to detect the independent three axis acceleration signal of the drone in the carrier coordinate system, while the gyroscope is used to detect the angular velocity signal of the carrier relative to the navigation coordinate system, measure the angular velocity and acceleration of the object in three-dimensional space, and calculate the yaw, pitch, or rolling attitude of the drone based on this. Subsequently, the IMU will transmit the detected data to the main control processor MCU. The main control processor MCU will control the stable operation of the aircraft through flight algorithms based on user instructions and IMU data.
Advanced inertial devices with advanced performance for inertial navigation systems for large commercial/military drones are a prerequisite for advanced inertial navigation systems. At present, with the deep and widespread application of IMU technology in military aviation inertial navigation systems, gyroscopes and acceleration sensors are increasingly becoming the two core inertial components. With the further upgrading of MEMS technology, aerospace inertial navigation systems are also gradually developing towards high-precision, miniaturization, and digitization. Inertial navigation systems typically consist of inertial measurement devices, computers, displays, etc. The inertial measurement device consists of two core inertial components: an accelerometer and a gyroscope. A gyroscope with three degrees of freedom is used to measure the angular acceleration of the aircraft, and three acceleration sensors are used to measure the acceleration of the aircraft. The computer calculates the velocity and position data of the aircraft based on the measured angular acceleration and acceleration data.
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